More than 300,000 children under age 5 visit emergency rooms annually in the United States for concussions, with new research suggesting many face extended recovery periods.
Young children are more susceptible to brain injuries than older ones due to weaker neck muscles and ligaments, according to medical experts. While concussions are commonly associated with car crashes and contact sports, the primary cause among preschoolers is much simpler.
“The vast majority of young kids, preschool age, are injured just in falls,” said Dr. Sean Rose of Nationwide Children’s Hospital.
Diagnosis Challenges
Rose, who led the new research, explains that concussions in young children often go undetected or are misdiagnosed because toddlers and preschoolers can’t always articulate their symptoms.
The study reveals approximately 25% of children under six who experience a concussion will develop prolonged symptoms.
“We need to correctly diagnose the concussion and make sure that there’s appropriate time for the brain to heal before going back into activities that might put you at risk for another injury,” Rose says.
Distinct Symptoms in Young Children
The research highlights that younger children may experience different symptoms than older children and adults. These symptoms include:
- Behavioral changes
- Excessive irritability
- Appetite changes
- Less social engagement
- Stomach aches
- Increased dependence or clinginess
“These symptoms can affect their daily lives. They can affect participation in things like daycare or school if, if they’re in school at that point. They can also affect parent-child interactions,” Rose explains.
Long-term Implications
The study found that up to 33% of young children with concussions continue experiencing symptoms one month after injury. Rose emphasizes the importance of early medical intervention.
“If these are not instituted early on, then symptoms can often continue longer than they typically would,” he said.
Researchers are now focusing on determining the most effective treatment methods, including pain management strategies and activity modifications.
Parents should seek medical attention whenever a concussion is suspected, as early identification of symptoms can help prevent long-term complications.