Michigan health officials are reporting an increase in Salmonella infections linked to three multistate outbreaks tied to contact with backyard poultry, particularly baby chicks and ducklings.
The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services said the outbreaks involve 184 people across 31 states, including 21 cases in Michigan.
The identified strains include Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella mbandaka, and Salmonella saintpaul.
Officials said the numbers are likely to change as investigations continue and noted that many cases go unreported.
Health officials said more than a quarter of reported cases involve children younger than five.
MDHHS said Salmonella bacteria are commonly found in poultry droppings and can spread to feathers, feet, beaks, cages, and surrounding environments.
Birds can carry the bacteria without showing symptoms.
In the largest of the three outbreaks, many infected individuals reported contact with ducklings.
MDHHS is working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other state and local health departments to trace the source of the affected poultry.
Salmonella infections can occur when people handle birds or contaminated cages and environments, with bacteria transferring to hands, shoes, and clothing.
Illness can cause diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramps lasting several days or longer, officials said. Young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe illness.
Health officials also warned against keeping baby poultry indoors, citing both salmonella risks and animal health concerns.
They said birds should be kept in appropriate outdoor enclosures and should remain outside even during cleaning.
MDHHS is advising the public to avoid close contact with chicks and ducklings, especially for children under five and other high-risk groups, and to wash hands thoroughly after any contact with poultry or their environments.
Officials also recommend keeping poultry away from food-preparation areas and discouraging practices such as kissing or snuggling with birds.
People who suspect a Salmonella infection are urged to contact a health care provider.
More information is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention